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Tyrconnell gold mine, part of the Hodgkinson goldfield in far north Queensland, was once home to 10,000 gold miners and their families.
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Early Brisbane sites to be protected
Brisbane's early settlement streets and its first burial ground have been honoured for their state significance.
Queensland Heritage Council Chair, David Eades, said two of the most important archaeological places located in Brisbane's CBD were the latest entries to the Queensland Heritage Register.
"These two places are important aspects of Queensland's history which already tell us a lot about the early days of Brisbane and have the potential to tell us much more," Mr Eades said.
Established in 1825, the First Brisbane Burial Ground located on a small park and within road reserve bound by Skew Street and Eagle Terrace in Brisbane city, was the first European burial ground in Queensland. It was used until the North Brisbane Cemetery (now Suncorp Stadium) opened in 1843.
"At least 220 convicts, soldiers, women and children are known to have been buried at the First Brisbane Burial Ground accounting for most of the people who died in the fledgling city and Moreton Bay Penal Settlement between 1825 and 1843," Mr Eades said.
"The site has been identified as being exceedingly rare as we now have very little physical evidence of the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement.
"There is good potential for there to be burial remains including personal items at the burial ground as past development on the site has been low impact."
Mr Eades said archaeological investigations on the site could potentially answer important questions about Queensland's history relating to the importation of materials, rates of material decay, colonial burial practices, gender, class and denominational differences, differential treatment of officers, soldiers, convicts and civilians, and health, nutrition and causes of death in the early colony.
The First Settlement Streets of Brisbane covers an extensive area of old Brisbane town including sections of the present Albert Street, George Street, William Street, North Quay, Queen's Wharf Road, Adelaide Street, Burnett Lane, Elizabeth Street, Charlotte Street, Margaret Street, and Alice Street, Brisbane City.
"Evidence of the first European occupation of Brisbane is extremely rare given its substantial development into a modern city," he said.
"Because early Brisbane was predominantly low-lying ground and swamp most development has been through building up of layers rather than excavating and removing material, thereby preserving what was there earlier.
"For example Burnett Lane was built over the Prisoners' Barracks yard and its remains are hidden with good potential for archaeological materials to have survived.
"Archaeological investigation of the First Settlement Streets of Brisbane can potentially provide us with information about unmapped buildings and features and other artefacts which can help us understand the culture and the way convicts, soldiers and administrators lived in the penal settlement.
"Given the accumulation of material from the early days of European settlement to today, there is also the potential for archaeological remains from later periods in Brisbane's history to be recovered."
Only nine other sites have been entered in the Heritage Register since the archaeological place category was introduced in 2008 in amendments to the Queensland Heritage Act 1992.
Both places were identified through the Brisbane City CBD Archaeological Plan Project undertaken as a joint project between the Department of Environment and Resource Management, University of Queensland and the Brisbane City Council Heritage Unit.
"Heritage listing these places will ensure their potential archaeological values are protected and managed properly," Mr Eades said.
"This doesn't mean development cannot occur in the future – it just means that archaeological issues will need to be addressed in the same way that other development prerequisites are handled."
The Queensland Heritage Council is the state's independent peak body and advisor on heritage matters and determines what places are entered in the Queensland Heritage Register.
Places that are entered in the Heritage Register are considered of importance to Queensland's history and are protected under heritage legislation.